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PsychologyExam prep10 min read

Memory and Learning: How the Brain Encodes

Working memory, long-term memory and evidence-based study techniques.

Last updated July 17, 2026

In this guide

  1. 1. Types of memory
  2. 2. Encoding
  3. 3. Retrieval practice

1.Types of memory

Sensory memory lasts under a second. Working memory holds ~7 items for seconds. Long-term memory is functionally limitless.

2.Encoding

Deeper processing (meaning, connections) produces stronger memories than shallow processing (repetition alone).

3.Retrieval practice

Testing yourself is one of the most effective study techniques — far better than re-reading.