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Biology10 min read

Cell Biology: Structure, Function and Division

Understand the building blocks of life, from organelles to the cell cycle and mitosis.

Last updated July 10, 2026

In this guide

  1. 1. Cell types
  2. 2. Key organelles
  3. 3. The cell cycle

1.Cell types

Prokaryotic cells (bacteria, archaea) lack a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi) have membrane-bound organelles.

2.Key organelles

The nucleus stores DNA. Mitochondria generate ATP. Ribosomes build proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus process and ship proteins.

3.The cell cycle

Interphase (G1, S, G2) prepares the cell, then mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) divides it, followed by cytokinesis.